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Vuelo de las mariposas de invierno cerca de 0°C
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 12, 1985
Resumen
Las polillas de invierno exhiben notables capacidades de vuelo en temperaturas frías. Las polillas geométricas vuelan a temperaturas bajo cero debido a la baja carga de las alas, minimizando los costos de vuelo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología de los insectos.
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Algunas polillas vuelan en clima frío manteniendo altas temperaturas torácicas.
- Las polillas geométricas pueden volar a temperaturas musculares bajo cero, a diferencia de otras polillas.
- Este estudio investiga las diferencias fisiológicas y biomecánicas que permiten el vuelo en clima frío en polillas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar las características de temperatura de las enzimas clave (citrato sintasa y piruvato quinasa) en polillas con diferentes estrategias de temperatura de vuelo.
- Investigar el papel del gasto de energía y la carga de las alas para permitir el vuelo en clima frío en polillas geométricas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron ensayos enzimáticos en citrato sintasa y piruvato quinasa de polillas nocturnas, geométricas y de esfinge.
- Las tasas específicas de masa del gasto energético se midieron en polillas nocturnas y geométricas a cerca de 0 °C.
- La carga de las alas se evaluó en polillas geométricas para determinar su impacto en la energía de vuelo.
Principales resultados:
- Las características de temperatura de la citrato sintasa y la piruvato quinasa fueron casi idénticas en todas las especies de polillas estudiadas, independientemente de su temperatura de vuelo.
- Las tasas de gasto energético específico de la masa fueron similares tanto para las polillas noctuides como para las geometridas a una temperatura torácica cercana a 0 °C.
- Las polillas geométricas poseen una carga ala inusualmente baja, lo que reduce significativamente su costo energético de vuelo.
Conclusiones:
- Las características de temperatura de las enzimas no explican la diferencia en las capacidades de vuelo en climas fríos entre las polillas noctuides y las geometridas.
- La baja carga de las alas es el principal factor que permite a las polillas geométricas sostener el vuelo a temperaturas musculares por debajo de cero.
- Este estudio pone de relieve la importancia de los factores biomecánicos en la adaptación de los insectos a entornos fríos.
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