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El forzamiento radiactivo de las nubes y el clima: resultados del experimento de presupuesto de radiación de la
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 6, 1989
Resumen
Las nubes impactan significativamente el equilibrio de radiación de la Tierra, ejerciendo un efecto de enfriamiento neto. Este forzamiento radiactivo de las nubes es sustancial, influyendo en las retroalimentaciones climáticas y las glaciaciones pasadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Presupuesto de la radiación de la Tierra Presupuesto de la radiación de la Tierra
- Física de la atmósfera Física de la atmósfera
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender el forzamiento radiativo de las nubes es crucial para la investigación del cambio climático.
- Los datos cuantitativos sobre el forzamiento radiactivo global de las nubes han sido limitados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar las distribuciones globales del forzamiento radiactivo de las nubes.
- Para analizar el impacto de las nubes en el balance de radiación de la Tierra. balance de radiación.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Experimento de Presupuesto de Radiación de la Tierra (ERBE, por sus siglas en inglés) lanzado en 1984.
- Analizó el forzamiento global de nubes de onda corta y de onda larga para abril de 1985.
Principales resultados:
- Las nubes ejercieron un efecto de enfriamiento neto a nivel mundial (-44,5 W/m2 de onda corta frente a 31,3 W/m2 de onda larga).
- Se observó un fuerte enfriamiento en los océanos de latitud media a alta; los trópicos muestran un efecto de calentamiento / enfriamiento equilibrado.
- El forzamiento neto de la nube es aproximadamente cuatro veces mayor que el forzamiento radiativo de duplicación de CO2.
Conclusiones:
- Las nubes actúan como un importante mecanismo de retroalimentación climática.
- Los cambios en el forzamiento radiativo de las nubes pueden amplificar los cambios climáticos, como se vio en glaciaciones pasadas.
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