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Efectos de la conservación de energía en edificios residenciales y comerciales
Resumen
Los edificios residenciales y comerciales consumieron una cantidad significativa de energía en 1977. El uso futuro de la energía depende de los precios de los combustibles y las políticas de conservación, con las nuevas tecnologías que ofrecen mayores ahorros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Política energética La política energética La política energética La política energética La política energética
- El consumo energético de los edificios.
- El modelado económico.
Sus antecedentes:
- En 1977, los edificios representaban más de un tercio del presupuesto energético de los Estados Unidos (27 quads).
- El consumo de energía en los edificios es impulsado por la calefacción, la refrigeración y la iluminación.
- Las tendencias futuras de la energía están influenciadas por los precios de los combustibles y las iniciativas gubernamentales de ahorro de energía.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar el uso futuro de la energía, los costos y el empleo en los edificios.
- Para evaluar el impacto de diferentes escenarios de precios y políticas energéticas.
- Modelar los efectos de los avances tecnológicos en el consumo de energía de los edificios.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó modelos detallados de ingeniería-economía para el uso de energía en edificios.
- Empleó análisis de insumos y salidas para la evaluación del impacto económico.
- Se examinaron tres escenarios: la línea de base, la conservación impulsada por políticas y la conservación mejorada por tecnología.
Principales resultados:
- El escenario de referencia proyecta un aumento de los precios de la energía.
- Los escenarios de conservación, con y sin nuevas tecnologías, muestran reducciones potenciales en el uso de energía.
- Los impactos económicos, incluido el empleo, se analizaron en todos los escenarios.
Conclusiones:
- Las políticas gubernamentales y la innovación tecnológica son cruciales para reducir el consumo de energía de los edificios.
- Las medidas de conservación de energía pueden conducir a importantes ahorros de costos y beneficios económicos.
- Las futuras estrategias energéticas deben considerar tanto factores económicos como tecnológicos.
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