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La subsidencia en el delta del Nilo nororiental: tasas rápidas, posibles causas y consecuencias
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 22, 1988
Resumen
El rápido hundimiento en el delta del Nilo, exacerbado por la reducción de sedimentos de la presa de Asuán, amenaza a las zonas costeras como Port Said con inundaciones significativas para el año 2100.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Procesos costeros y procesos costeros.
- Impacto del cambio climático Impacto del cambio climático
Sus antecedentes:
- Los depósitos del Holoceno indican un rápido hundimiento (hasta 0,5 cm/año) en el delta del Nilo nororiental desde hace 7500 años.
- Este hundimiento ha influido en los patrones distributivos del río Nilo y ha creado una estructura similar a un grabón que incluye el lago Manzala y Port Said.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la historia geológica y los procesos de hundimiento en curso en el delta del Nilo noreste.
- Evaluar el impacto potencial del continuo hundimiento y aumento del nivel del mar en la llanura del delta para 2100.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los depósitos fluviales y marinos del Holoceno.
- Cartografía geológica de la estructura de tipo graben.
- Análisis de la tasa de hundimiento en los últimos 7500 años.
Principales resultados:
- El delta del Nilo nororiental ha experimentado un importante hundimiento, desviando los principales distribuidores del Nilo.
- La reducción de la entrada de sedimentos debido a la presa de Asuán exacerba el impacto del hundimiento.
- Se proyectan inundaciones de hasta 1 metro para el año 2100, afectando particularmente a la zona de Port Said.
Conclusiones:
- El continuo hundimiento y el aumento del nivel del mar representan una amenaza sustancial para la llanura baja del norte del delta del Nilo.
- La reducción en el suministro de sedimentos amplifica significativamente la vulnerabilidad costera.
- Se necesita una consideración urgente de estos factores para la gestión costera y las estrategias de adaptación.
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