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Cultivo de bajo consumo para suelos ácidos de los trópicos húmedos
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 11, 1987
Resumen
Un nuevo sistema de cultivos de bajo consumo en Perú ofrece una transición sostenible desde el cambio al cultivo continuo en suelos tropicales ácidos. Este método aumenta los ingresos de los agricultores al tiempo que preserva la diversidad de los agroecosistemas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
- La Agronomía Tropical es una Agronomía Tropical.
- Sistemas agrícolas sostenibles y sistemas agrícolas sostenibles.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos ácidos en las regiones tropicales húmedas plantean desafíos significativos para la agricultura.
- El cultivo por desplazamiento, aunque tradicional, tiene limitaciones ambientales y económicas.
- Existe la necesidad de sistemas agrícolas de transición sostenibles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y evaluar un sistema de cultivo de bajo insumo para suelos ácidos en los trópicos húmedos.
- Proporcionar una transición viable entre el cultivo por turnos y el cultivo continuo.
- Mejorar la producción sostenible y los ingresos de los agricultores.
Principales métodos:
- La limpieza de corte y quemado seguida de rotación de cultivos (arroz de montaña y guisante).
- Rendimiento máximo de residuos de cultivos sin labranza, cal o fertilizante.
- Incorporación de un barbecho de kudzu de 1 año cuando los rendimientos disminuyen.
- Evaluación de las siguientes opciones: cultivo continuo, pastos o agroforestería.
Principales resultados:
- El sistema maneja eficazmente los suelos ácidos con un mínimo de insumos externos.
- La rotación de cultivos y el retorno de residuos ayudan a mantener la salud y la productividad del suelo.
- El barbecho de kudzu combate eficazmente la presión de las malezas y el agotamiento de los nutrientes.
- El sistema apoya la producción sostenible y los ingresos de los agricultores.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de cultivo de baja entrada desarrollado es una tecnología de transición viable para suelos ácidos en los trópicos húmedos.
- Ofrece una alternativa sostenible al cultivo cambiante tradicional.
- El sistema promueve la diversidad de los agroecosistemas y la estabilidad económica para los agricultores.
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