Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
10:00
Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures
Published on: August 31, 2017
Cambios químicos previos en el agua subterránea: terremoto de Kobe, Japón
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 1995
Resumen
Los niveles de cloruro y sulfato en las aguas subterráneas aumentaron antes del terremoto de Kobe en 1995, lo que indica posibles cambios químicos precursores. Las muestras posteriores al terremoto revelaron concentraciones de iones significativamente elevadas, lo que sugiere un vínculo con la preparación sísmica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Sus antecedentes:
- La química de las aguas subterráneas puede verse influenciada por eventos geológicos.
- El terremoto de Kobe de 1995 fue un evento sísmico significativo en Japón.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los cambios químicos precursores en las aguas subterráneas antes del terremoto de Kobe.
- Para analizar las fluctuaciones en las concentraciones de cloruro y sulfato.
Principales métodos:
- Monitoreo de muestras de agua subterránea de dos pozos cerca del epicentro del terremoto.
- Analizando las concentraciones de los iones cloruro (Cl) y sulfato (SO) de 1993 a abril de 1995.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento constante de las concentraciones de Cl(-) y SO(4)(2-) desde agosto de 1994 hasta justo antes del terremoto.
- Las muestras de agua subterránea tomadas después del terremoto mostraron niveles sustancialmente más altos de Cl(-) y SO(4)(2-).
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios químicos previos en la composición del agua subterránea pueden indicar preparación para un terremoto.
- Concentraciones elevadas de iones antes y después del evento sugieren una relación con la actividad sísmica.
Más Videos Relacionados
11:19Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
Published on: October 21, 2016
08:05Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
Published on: October 7, 2020
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:22Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks, which undergo...
Concrete in areas between tide marks, which undergo...
01:19Quality of Water
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
01:24Carbonation Shrinkage
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
01:29Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
01:26Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
03:46Qualitative Analysis
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
For instance, group IV...