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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Técnicas de desintegración nuclear en la química iónica.

F Cacace

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 19, 1990
    PubMed
    Resumen

    La desintegración radiactiva espontánea crea iones únicos, libres de contraiones. Este proceso nuclear permite estudiar la reactividad iónica en diversos entornos, desde gases hasta soluciones.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Química Nuclear La Química Nuclear es el campo de la química nuclear.
    • Química Física es la química física.
    • Química iónica La química iónica es la química de los iones.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • La desintegración espontánea de los átomos radiactivos produce iones.
    • Este proceso es independiente de los factores ambientales.
    • Permite la generación de iones bien definidos y libres de counteriones.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para explorar la producción de especies iónicas únicas.
    • Para caracterizar estructuralmente los iones libres.
    • Para comparar la reactividad iónica en diversos medios.

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizando técnicas de desintegración nuclear.
    • Investigando la generación de iones en las fases gaseosa, líquida y sólida.

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  • Analizando la estructura iónica y la reactividad.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Generó con éxito iones bien definidos y libres de contraiones.
    • Demostró la insensibilidad ambiental del proceso de ionización.
    • Permitió estudios comparativos de reactividad en diferentes fases.

    Conclusiones:

    • La desintegración nuclear es una herramienta poderosa para la producción y caracterización de iones.
    • Este método proporciona información única sobre el comportamiento de los iones en diversos entornos.
    • Facilita el estudio de especies iónicas de otro modo inaccesibles y su reactividad.