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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...

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Exposed water ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets
08:46

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

El metano deuterado observado en Saturno.

U Fink, H P Larson

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 28, 1978
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores detectaron metano deuterado (CH3D) en la atmósfera de Saturno, revelando una proporción de deuterio a hidrógeno comparable a la de Júpiter. Este hallazgo ofrece información sobre la composición del sistema solar temprano.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
    • La espectroscopia es una técnica de espectroscopia.
    • Química de la atmósfera química de la atmósfera

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El metano deuterado (CH3D) es un trazador clave para el estudio de las atmósferas planetarias.
    • Estudios previos han establecido proporciones de deuterio a hidrógeno en varios cuerpos del sistema solar.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para determinar la abundancia de CH3D en la atmósfera de Saturno.
    • Para calcular la relación entre deuterio e hidrógeno en Saturno.
    • Para comparar la abundancia de deuterio de Saturno con otros objetos del sistema solar.

    Principales métodos:

    • Observación del espectro de 5 micras de Saturno utilizando un espectrómetro de transformación de Fourier.
    • Análisis de las características de absorción de la banda V ((2) de CH ((3) D.

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    Principales resultados:

    • La abundancia de CH(3) D se midió en 2,6 +/- 0,8 centímetros-amagat.
    • Se determinó que la temperatura media del nivel de formación de la línea espectroscópica era de 175 +/- 30 K.
    • Se encontró que la proporción de deuterio-hidrógeno en la atmósfera de Saturno era de aproximadamente 2 x 10 (−5).

    Conclusiones:

    • La temperatura atmosférica de Saturno en la ventana de 5 micras sugiere radiación térmica desde las profundidades de la atmósfera.
    • La relación de deuterio-hidrógeno determinada en Saturno es comparable a la de Júpiter, pero más baja que la de la Tierra.
    • Esta relación puede representar la relación de deuterio-hidrógeno primordial del sistema solar temprano.