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Efectos de fase asimétricos y patrones de convección del manto.

M Liu

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 24, 1994
    PubMed
    Resumen

    La transición de fase espinela-perovskita en el manto de la Tierra cambia de negativo a positivo en la pendiente de Clapeyron por encima de 2000°C. Este cambio impide que las corrientes frías bajen, pero permite que las columnas calientes se eleven, creando una convección del manto parcialmente estratificada.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • La geofísica es la geofísica.
    • Física mineral Física de los minerales
    • Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra

    Sus antecedentes:

    • La zona de transición del manto de 660 kilómetros es una interfaz clave que influye en la convección del manto global.
    • La pendiente de Clapeyron de la transición de fase spinel-perovskita dicta el comportamiento de los flujos del manto a través de este límite.
    • Estudios anteriores sugirieron una pendiente negativa de Clapeyron, lo que implica una interacción limitada entre el manto superior e inferior.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar el impacto de una pendiente de Clapeyron dependiente de la temperatura en la dinámica de convección del manto.
    • Comprender cómo la transición de fase spinel-perovskita influye en el ascenso de las columnas calientes y el descenso de losas frías.
    • Para caracterizar los patrones de flujo y estratificación del manto resultantes.

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    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizando datos experimentales de alta presión y cálculos termodinámicos para determinar la pendiente de Clapeyron.
    • Realizar simulaciones numéricas de la convección del manto incorporando la transición de fase dependiente de la temperatura.
    • Analizar las estructuras de flujo resultantes, incluido el comportamiento de ascenso y descenso del penacho.

    Principales resultados:

    • La pendiente de Clapeyron de la transición espinela-perovskita se vuelve positiva a temperaturas por encima de 17002000°C.
    • Los flujos fríos descendentes se ven significativamente obstaculizados en el límite de 660 km en estas condiciones.
    • Las columnas calientes ascienden fácilmente al manto superior, lo que lleva a una convección del manto parcialmente estratificada y dependiente del tiempo.
    • La estratificación del manto es menos pronunciada a temperaturas más altas y números de Rayleigh más altos.

    Conclusiones:

    • La pendiente de Clapeyron dependiente de la temperatura de la transición espinela-perovskita juega un papel crítico en la modulación de la convección del manto.
    • Este comportamiento de fase facilita el transporte de calor a través de penachos desde el manto inferior al superior.
    • El manto de la Tierra exhibe un régimen convectivo parcialmente estratificado influenciado por esta transición de fase, particularmente en regiones más calientes.