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El origen del plan corporal de la tortuga: cerrar una famosa brecha morfológica
Resumen
Los pareiasaurios se revelan como los parientes más cercanos de las tortugas, compartiendo rasgos reptiles clave. Este hallazgo sugiere que la evolución del caparazón de la tortuga es anterior a su aparición distintiva, con los osteodermos pareiasaurios como precursores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Zoología de los vertebrados Zoología de los vertebrados.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los orígenes evolutivos de las tortugas (chelonians) siguen siendo un tema de debate.
- Anteriores hipótesis filogenéticas han propuesto varias relaciones para las tortugas dentro de los reptiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reevaluar la posición filogenética de los pareiasaurios en relación con las tortugas.
- Para identificar caracteres derivados compartidos que informan la historia evolutiva de las tortugas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis anatómico comparativo de pareiasaurios y tortugas.
- Análisis filogenético que incorpora datos morfológicos.
- Reexamen de las relaciones de tortugas propuestas anteriormente.
Principales resultados:
- Los pareiasaurios comparten numerosos caracteres derivados con las tortugas, incluido el recuento presacral reducido, el proceso de acromión y el trocánter mayor.
- Muchos rasgos previamente considerados únicos de las tortugas están presentes en los pareiasaurios, lo que indica una evolución anterior.
- La evidencia que apoya los vínculos captorhinid o procolophonoid con las tortugas es débil.
- Los osteodermos en los pareiasaurios se identifican como precursores de la concha de tortuga.
- La morfología de la región anterior sugiere migración posterior del cinturón del hombro de la tortuga hacia la caja torácica.
Conclusiones:
- Los pareiasaurios son los parientes más cercanos de las tortugas.
- Las características clave de las tortugas evolucionaron antes de la aparición del caparazón definitivo.
- Las primeras características de las tortugas, como las de Proganochelys, son probablemente primitivas para las tortugas.
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