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Deslizamientos de tierra causados por terremotos: una gran perturbación para los bosques tropicales
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 1979
Resumen
Los terremotos pueden limpiar grandes bosques tropicales. En Nueva Guinea, la actividad sísmica frecuente conduce a una importante acumulación de bosques sin clímax, siendo los deslizamientos de tierra un factor de perturbación importante.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Dinámica de las selvas tropicales Dinámica de los bosques tropicales
Sus antecedentes:
- Los terremotos son perturbaciones naturales que pueden afectar los ecosistemas de los bosques tropicales.
- Estudios anteriores han documentado la desnudación forestal inducida por terremotos en varias regiones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar el impacto a largo plazo de la perturbación forestal inducida por el terremoto en Panamá y Nueva Guinea.
- Evaluar el papel de los deslizamientos de tierra causados por terremotos en los regímenes de perturbación de los bosques tropicales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos históricos de terremotos y registros de perturbaciones forestales.
- Comparación de la dinámica forestal en regiones sísmicamente activas frente a regiones tropicales menos activas.
Principales resultados:
- Los terremotos han despojado áreas forestales significativas tanto en Panamá (54 kilómetros cuadrados en 1976) como en Nueva Guinea (130 kilómetros cuadrados en 1935).
- Nueva Guinea exhibe tasas de terremotos más altas, lo que lleva a una acumulación sustancial de bosques perturbados y sin clímax.
- Los deslizamientos de tierra inducidos por terremotos son un importante factor de perturbación en Nueva Guinea, comparable en importancia a las caídas de árboles.
Conclusiones:
- Los regímenes de perturbación sísmica varían significativamente entre las regiones tropicales.
- La alta frecuencia de terremotos en Nueva Guinea promueve el desarrollo de paisajes forestales sin clímax.
- Los deslizamientos de tierra provocados por los terremotos juegan un papel fundamental en la configuración de la estructura forestal y la sucesión en Nueva Guinea.
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