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Temperaturas del suelo y de la superficie en los sitios de aterrizaje vikingos
Resumen
Las temperaturas de la superficie marciana en los sitios de aterrizaje de Viking muestran diferencias significativas, con Viking Lander 2 experimentando cambios anuales más grandes que Viking Lander 1. Estas variaciones de temperatura son cruciales para comprender a Marte.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Exploración de Marte La exploración de Marte.
- La termografía por infrarrojos.
Sus antecedentes:
- La temperatura de la superficie marciana es un factor crítico para comprender su clima y el potencial de vida pasada o presente.
- Estudios anteriores han proporcionado datos limitados sobre las variaciones diurnas y anuales de temperatura en diferentes sitios de aterrizaje en Marte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para calcular el rango de temperatura anual de la superficie marciana en los sitios de aterrizaje de Viking.
- Para analizar el comportamiento diario de la temperatura del suelo marciano.
- Para proporcionar una referencia para el estudio de la química activa en Marte.
Principales métodos:
- Parámetros térmicos utilizados derivados de las observaciones de mapas térmicos infrarrojos.
- Se emplearon imágenes del módulo de aterrizaje Viking para estimar el componente rocoso de la emisión térmica.
- Computación del comportamiento diario de la temperatura del suelo a través de profundidades accesibles.
Principales resultados:
- El sitio del módulo de aterrizaje Viking 1 (VL1) exhibe pequeñas variaciones anuales de temperatura, mientras que el sitio del módulo de aterrizaje Viking 2 (VL2) muestra grandes cambios anuales.
- Los rangos diarios de temperatura en la parte superior del suelo fueron de 183263 K (VL1) y 183268 K (VL2).
- La variación diurna de la temperatura disminuye con la profundidad, con una escala exponencial de aproximadamente 5 cm.
Conclusiones:
- Los distintos rangos de temperatura anual en VL1 y VL2 proporcionan información sobre la variabilidad del clima marciano.
- Las temperaturas calculadas del suelo, incluyendo un máximo de 230 K debajo de las rocas en VL2, ofrecen datos cruciales para los estudios astrobiológicos.
- Estos hallazgos sirven como una línea de base para futuras investigaciones sobre la química del suelo marciano.
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