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Fitocelatinas: los principales péptidos complejos de metales pesados de las plantas superiores

E Grill, E L Winnacker, M H Zenk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 8, 1985

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron nuevos péptidos de unión de metales pesados en las plantas, llamados fitocelatinas. Estos péptidos, compuestos de gamma-glutamilo-cisteína y glicina, son cruciales para la desintoxicación de los metales en las células vegetales.

Área de la Ciencia:

La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Ciencias de las plantas Ciencias de las plantas.
Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.

Sus antecedentes:

Las plantas poseen mecanismos para hacer frente a la tensión de los metales pesados.
La comprensión de los compuestos de unión a los metales es crucial para la fisiología de las plantas y la remediación ambiental.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aislar y caracterizar nuevos péptidos involucrados en la complejación de metales pesados en cultivos de células vegetales.
Proponer un nombre para esta nueva clase de productos naturales.

Principales métodos:

Aislamiento de péptidos de cultivos de suspensión de células vegetales.
Elucidación estructural de los péptidos aislados utilizando técnicas bioquímicas establecidas.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó una nueva clase de péptidos que se unen a los metales pesados.
La estructura de los péptidos se determinó como (gamma-glutamil-cisteína) n-glicina, con n que oscila entre 3 y 7.
Estos péptidos son inducidos por metales pesados y son los principales agentes de unión de metales en las células.

Conclusiones:

Los péptidos recién descubiertos, llamados fitocelatinas, juegan un papel importante en la tolerancia de las plantas a los metales pesados.
Las fitocolatinas representan un componente clave del sistema de defensa celular contra la toxicidad de los metales pesados en las plantas.

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