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Conservación de la cantidad líquida y sólida por el chimpancé.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 1978
Resumen
Un chimpancé entrenado en el lenguaje demostró una conservación cuantitativa precisa para líquidos y sólidos, lo que indica una comprensión cognitiva más allá de la percepción. Sin embargo, ella no mostró habilidades similares con juicios numéricos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- La cognición animal es la cognición animal.
- Comportamiento de los primates.
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la conservación de la cantidad es un aspecto clave del desarrollo cognitivo.
- La investigación en cognición animal explora si los primates no humanos poseen habilidades similares.
- El papel del entrenamiento del lenguaje en las tareas cognitivas en los chimpancés es un área de interés.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar si un chimpancé entrenado en el lenguaje puede juzgar con precisión y conservar cantidades de materia líquida y sólida.
- Para determinar si los juicios del chimpancé se basan en la inferencia o la evaluación perceptiva.
- Para evaluar la capacidad del chimpancé para hacer juicios iguales-diferentes basados en el número.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio involucró a un chimpancé adulto entrenado en el lenguaje llamado Sarah.
- Se realizaron juicios igualmente diferentes sobre las cantidades de materia líquida y sólida, con transformaciones de propiedades irrelevantes (forma).
- Se realizaron pruebas de control para diferenciar entre juicios inferenciales y perceptivos.
- También se evaluaron los mismos juicios diferentes basados en números.
Principales resultados:
- Sarah conservó con precisión tanto cantidades líquidas como sólidas, incluso cuando la forma fue alterada.
- Las pruebas de control confirmaron que sus juicios eran inferenciales, no puramente perceptuales.
- Sarah no logró hacer juicios precisos iguales-diferentes basados en el número.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos sugieren que los chimpancés entrenados en el lenguaje pueden exhibir conservación cuantitativa para cantidades continuas a través del razonamiento inferencial.
- Esta capacidad parece distinta de las capacidades de juicio numérico en este individuo.
- El estudio destaca las habilidades cognitivas matizadas de los primates en la comprensión de la cantidad.
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