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Recursos para la salud mental: escasez, inequidad e ineficiencia
Shekhar Saxena1, Graham Thornicroft, Martin Knapp
1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. saxenas@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|September 7, 2007
Resumen
Los recursos de salud mental son escasos y están distribuidos de manera desigual, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos. Abordar estos desafíos requiere un mayor financiamiento y una mejor asignación de recursos para mejores resultados globales de salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Política de salud mental Política de salud mental.
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La disponibilidad de recursos de salud mental es fundamental para abordar la carga global de los trastornos mentales.
- Los países de bajos y medianos ingresos (LMIC) se enfrentan a desafíos significativos en la provisión de atención adecuada de salud mental.
- Los recursos de salud mental existentes abarcan políticas, infraestructura, servicios, apoyo comunitario, capital humano y financiamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la disponibilidad general de recursos de salud mental, con un enfoque en los LMIC.
- Identificar los obstáculos clave que obstaculizan la mejora de la atención de salud mental a nivel mundial.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio analiza la disponibilidad general de recursos de salud mental.
- Analiza el gasto gubernamental, las limitaciones de los recursos humanos y los patrones de distribución de los recursos.
- También se examinan las ineficiencias en la financiación y la ejecución de la intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El gasto público en salud mental es insuficiente en la mayoría de los países, especialmente en los LMIC.
- Los recursos humanos para la atención de la salud mental son severamente limitados en los LMIC y es probable que lo sigan siendo.
- Los recursos de salud mental se distribuyen de manera desigual, con las poblaciones desfavorecidas que tienen la mayor necesidad pero el menor acceso.
Conclusiones:
- La escasez, la distribución desigual y el uso ineficiente de los recursos de salud mental son los principales obstáculos para mejorar la salud mental.
- La transición a la atención comunitaria requiere fondos adicionales que aún no están disponibles en la mayoría de los países.
- El estigma y los abusos de los derechos humanos complican aún más los desafíos en el acceso a la atención de salud mental.
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