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No hay salud sin salud mental
Martin Prince1, Vikram Patel, Shekhar Saxena
1King's College London, Centre for Public Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. m.prince@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|September 7, 2007
Resumen
La salud mental es parte integral del bienestar general, afectando la salud física y la carga de la enfermedad. La integración de la salud mental en todos los servicios de salud es crucial para la salud pública y el logro de los objetivos de desarrollo global.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Salud global La salud global.
- Investigación en Salud Mental.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos representan el 14% de la carga global de enfermedades, principalmente debido a afecciones crónicas como la depresión y las psicosis.
- Las estimaciones actuales pueden subestimar la carga al aislar la salud mental de la salud física, lo que dificulta los esfuerzos integrados de salud.
- La interconexión de la salud mental y física es fundamental; los trastornos mentales aumentan los riesgos de otras enfermedades y lesiones, y viceversa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para poner de relieve la carga de salud pública subestimada de los trastornos mentales.
- Para enfatizar la inseparabilidad de la salud mental y física.
- Abogar por la integración de los servicios de salud mental en los principales sistemas y políticas de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las estimaciones de la carga mundial de enfermedades.
- Análisis de la relación bidireccional entre las condiciones de salud mental y física.
- Examen del enfoque del sistema de salud actual para la prestación de atención de salud mental.
Principales resultados:
- Los trastornos mentales aumentan significativamente el riesgo de enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles, así como de lesiones.
- La comorbilidad entre las condiciones de salud mental y física complica el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico.
- Los servicios de salud existentes se proporcionan de manera desigual a las personas con trastornos mentales, con una calidad de atención subóptima.
Conclusiones:
- No puede haber salud sin salud mental debido a las profundas interacciones entre las condiciones mentales y físicas.
- Las intervenciones psicosociales deben integrarse en el manejo de las enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles.
- El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud, la asignación de presupuestos específicos para la salud mental y la integración de la concienciación sobre la salud mental en todas las políticas de salud son esenciales para mejorar la salud de la población y lograr los objetivos de desarrollo global.
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