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Efflorescence in Masonry

Efflorescence in Masonry

Efflorescence in masonry walls appears as a fluffy crystalline powder, often white, resulting from water-soluble salts within the masonry or mortar. When water penetrates the masonry, it dissolves these salts and brings them to the surface, where they are deposited upon evaporation of water.
While initial efflorescence is common post-construction and can be cleaned with water and a brush, in certain instances, efflorescence can reappear and gradually diminish over time as salts are leached out...

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur Assimilation

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The Sulfur Cycle

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...

Portland Cement

Portland Cement

Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...

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Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

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Tephra de la erupción explosiva del soufriere de 1979 fue una de ellas.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 4, 1982

Resumen

La erupción de Soufriere de 1979 expulsó tefra compuesta por materiales juveniles y no juveniles. La agregación de partículas y la formación de lapilli acrecional en una columna de erupción húmeda explican el tamaño de grano fino del depósito y la mala clasificación.

Área de la Ciencia:

Volcanología Volcanología.
La geoquímica es la geoquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

La erupción de Soufriere de 1979 produjo un volumen significativo de tefra.
El depósito de tefra comprendía componentes juveniles y no juveniles.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar la composición y las características de la tefra de la erupción de Soufriere de 1979.
Comprender los procesos responsables del tamaño y clasificación de granos únicos del depósito.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la composición de los depósitos de tefra (juveniles y no juveniles).
Tamaño de grano y análisis de clasificación de la tefra.
Interpretación de la agregación de partículas y la formación de lapilli acrecional.

Principales resultados:

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La tefra era un 40% de andesita basáltica juvenil y un 60% de material no juvenil.
El depósito exhibió tamaño de grano fino, mala clasificación y bimodalidad.
La evidencia sugiere la agregación de partículas y la formación de lapilli acrecional.

Conclusiones:

Las explosiones frateomagmáticas fragmentaron la isla de lava de 1971-1972, contribuyendo con material no juvenil.
Una columna de erupción húmeda facilitó la agregación de partículas y la formación de lapillos acrecionarios.
Estos procesos explican las inusuales características del depósito de la erupción Soufriere de 1979.