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Sismicidad activada de forma remota por el terremoto de magnitud 7.3 de Landers, California
Resumen
El terremoto de Landers de 1992 desencadenó una actividad sísmica generalizada en todo el oeste de los Estados Unidos. Las interacciones no lineales con los fluidos de la corteza terrestre, no el estrés estático, probablemente explican esta activación remota de terremotos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- Ciencia de los terremotos Ciencia de los terremotos Ciencia de los terremotos Ciencia de los terremotos
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El terremoto de Landers de 1992 (Mw 7.3) causó una actividad sísmica significativa lejos de su epicentro.
- La sismicidad desencadenada se produjo hasta a 1250 km de distancia, en áreas con sismicidad existente y estilos de falla específicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los terremotos generalizados que se desencadenaron después de la sacudida principal de Landers.
- Evaluar el papel de los cambios de tensión estática frente a las interacciones de tensión dinámica en el desencadenamiento de terremotos remotos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la distribución y las características de los terremotos después del evento de Landers.
- Cálculo de los cambios de tensión estática utilizando modelos de dislocación elástica.
- La consideración de los efectos de la tensión dinámica y las interacciones del fluido cortical.
Principales resultados:
- La actividad sísmica aumentó repentina y ampliamente en todo el oeste de los Estados Unidos después del terremoto de Landers.
- Los terremotos desencadenados se concentraron en zonas sísmicamente activas con deslizamiento hacia fallas normales, a menudo cerca de áreas geotérmicas o volcánicas.
- Los cambios de estrés estático por sí solos fueron insuficientes para explicar el desencadenamiento observado.
Conclusiones:
- El desencadenamiento de terremotos remotos por la descarga principal de Landers no se explica adecuadamente solo por los cambios de tensión estática.
- Las interacciones no lineales entre las cepas dinámicas de ondas sísmicas y los fluidos de la corteza (potencialmente incluyendo magma) ofrecen una explicación más plausible para el desencadenamiento generalizado.
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