Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

08:38
Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
Published on: June 23, 2023
Descubrimiento de la actividad de elementos transponibles entre la progenie de cultivos de tejidos - plantas de maíz
Resumen
Se investigaron anomalías genéticas en plantas de maíz cultivadas en tejido. Los investigadores encontraron elementos activos transponibles Ac en plantas regeneradas, lo que sugiere su papel en la variabilidad genética inducida por el cultivo de tejidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética vegetal Genética vegetal
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
- Ciencias agrícolas Ciencias agrícolas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cultivo de tejidos puede inducir anomalías genéticas y citogenéticas en las plantas.
- Las plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) regeneradas a partir de cultivos de tejidos exhiben altas tasas de alteraciones cromosómicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel potencial de los elementos transponibles en la variabilidad genética inducida por el cultivo de tejidos en el maíz.
- Para detectar la actividad de elementos transponibles en plantas de maíz regeneradas.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron plantas de maíz regeneradas de cultivo de tejidos.
- Se realizaron testcrosses de 1200 descendientes de 301 plantas regeneradas.
- Se evaluó la presencia de elementos activos Ac transponibles.
Principales resultados:
- Diez plantas de maíz regeneradas de dos líneas celulares embrionarias independientes mostraron actividad activa del elemento transponible Ac.
- Las fuentes explantes originales carecían de elementos Ac activos.
- Esto indica la activación de novo de los elementos Ac durante el cultivo de tejidos.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad de los elementos transponibles, específicamente los elementos Ac, se activa en las plantas de maíz regeneradas a partir del cultivo de tejidos.
- Esta activación contribuye a la variabilidad genética observada en las plantas derivadas de cultivos de tejidos.
- La dinámica de los elementos transponibles es un factor clave para comprender los resultados de la regeneración de las plantas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Transgenic Plants
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
