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Published on: February 1, 2020
Los Estados Unidos de América. La política de subvenciones al tránsito: necesita una reforma
Resumen
El transporte público en los EE.UU. depende en gran medida de los subsidios del gobierno, lo que lleva a una disminución de la eficiencia y la productividad. Estos apoyos financieros no han compensado los desafíos del aumento del uso del automóvil y la expansión suburbana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía del transporte La economía del transporte.
- La planificación urbana es el planeamiento urbano.
Sus antecedentes:
- El transporte público en los Estados Unidos ha dependido cada vez más de los subsidios públicos desde la década de 1960.
- Los programas federales de asistencia al tránsito masivo iniciaron esta tendencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar el impacto de los subsidios públicos en la eficiencia del transporte público estadounidense y su posición en el mercado.
- Evaluar la efectividad de las subvenciones al tránsito para abordar los desafíos planteados por el uso del automóvil y la descentralización.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias históricas en la financiación del transporte público y métricas operativas.
- Examen de los factores que contribuyen a la disminución de la eficiencia y la productividad laboral en los sistemas de tránsito urbano.
- Evaluación del rendimiento del mercado del tránsito en relación con el aumento de la propiedad de automóviles y la suburbanización.
Principales resultados:
- Los subsidios están vinculados a la reducción de la eficiencia y la productividad laboral en el tránsito urbano.
- Los sistemas de tránsito se han sobrecapitalizado, han simplificado las estructuras de tarifas y se han expandido a áreas suburbanas de baja densidad.
- A pesar de los subsidios, el tránsito no ha podido contrarrestar el impacto en el mercado del aumento del uso del automóvil y la descentralización residencial / laboral.
Conclusiones:
- Los subsidios públicos no han mejorado con éxito la posición de mercado o la eficiencia del tránsito público estadounidense.
- El modelo actual de financiamiento de tránsito y expansión de servicios puede ser insostenible frente a los cambios sociales y tecnológicos.
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