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Evolutionary Psychology

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

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Evolución en el cerebro social.

R I M Dunbar¹, Susanne Shultz

¹British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liverpool.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 8, 2007

Resumen

La evolución de los grandes cerebros de los primates fue impulsada por una vida social compleja. El intenso vínculo de pareja puede haber sido un factor clave, dando forma a la socialidad de los primates de manera diferente a la de otros animales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
La primatología es la primatología.

Sus antecedentes:

La evolución de los grandes cerebros en los primates es una pregunta científica de larga data.
Las teorías anteriores se centraron en las habilidades sensoriales y técnicas para la supervivencia.
La evidencia reciente sugiere que la complejidad social es el principal impulsor.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las presiones evolutivas que conducen a cerebros agrandados de primates.
Para comparar el papel de la complejidad social frente a la unión de pares en la evolución del cerebro.
Comprender las estructuras sociales únicas en los primates.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo del comportamiento social de los primates.

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Revisión de los estudios evolutivos y neurológicos existentes.

Examen de los patrones de vinculación social a través de los taxones.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia apoya fuertemente la hipótesis del cerebro social, enfatizando las demandas computacionales de las sociedades complejas.
Los análisis específicos destacan la intensa unión de pareja como un factor crítico en la evolución del cerebro de los primates.
La socialidad de los primates, caracterizada por relaciones de unión, difiere notablemente de las estructuras sociales de otros mamíferos y aves.

Conclusiones:

Las demandas computacionales de entornos sociales complejos son la principal explicación para los cerebros de grandes primates.
La intensa unión de pares puede haber sido un desencadenante crucial para esta trayectoria evolutiva.
Las estructuras sociales únicas de los primates están arraigadas en relaciones parejas, lo que los distingue de otras especies.