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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems
Published on: May 5, 2015
Los seres humanos han desarrollado habilidades especializadas de cognición social: la hipótesis de la inteligencia
Esther Herrmann1, Josep Call, Maráa Victoria Hernàndez-Lloreda
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany. eherrman@eva.mpg.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 8, 2007
Resumen
Los niños humanos poseen habilidades socio-cognitivas superiores en comparación con los chimpancés y los orangutanes, lo que apoya la hipótesis de la inteligencia cultural. Esto sugiere que el aprendizaje social especializado, no la inteligencia general, impulsa la singularidad cognitiva humana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Evolución Cognitiva Evolución Cognitiva
- Psicología Comparada y Psicología Comparada.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los seres humanos exhiben habilidades cognitivas únicas en comparación con los primates no humanos.
- La hipótesis de la inteligencia cultural postula habilidades socio-cognitivas específicas de la especie para la participación cultural.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar la hipótesis de la inteligencia cultural mediante la comparación de habilidades cognitivas en niños humanos y simios.
- Diferenciar entre la especialización socio-cognitiva y la inteligencia general como impulsores de la singularidad humana.
Principales métodos:
- Se administró una batería completa de pruebas cognitivas a niños humanos de 2,5 años, chimpancés y orangutanes.
- Centrado en niños pre-alfabetizados y preescolares para aislar las habilidades innatas socio-cognitivas.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños humanos y los chimpancés demostraron habilidades cognitivas comparables para navegar por el mundo físico.
- Los niños humanos exhibieron habilidades socio-cognitivas significativamente más avanzadas que los grupos de chimpancés y orangutanes.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de la inteligencia cultural, destacando las habilidades socio-cognitivas especializadas en los humanos.
- Las ventajas cognitivas humanas parecen estar enraizadas en el aprendizaje social y el compromiso cultural, en lugar de un aumento general de la inteligencia.
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