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El virus del papiloma humano y el cáncer cervical
Mark Schiffman1, Philip E Castle, Jose Jeronimo
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. schiffmm@mail.nih.gov
Lancet (London, England)
|September 11, 2007
Resumen
El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) causa casi todos los cánceres de cuello uterino. Comprender los genotipos del VPH y su papel en la progresión del cáncer cervical es clave para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y detección en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Virología Virología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud mundial significativo, causado predominantemente por infecciones persistentes por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH).
- La patogénesis implica un proceso de varios pasos desde la infección inicial hasta el cáncer invasivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el papel de los genotipos de VPH en la carcinogénesis cervical.
- Para resaltar la importancia de un modelo orientado al VPH para la comprensión y el manejo del cáncer cervical.
- Enfatizar el potencial de las tecnologías relacionadas con el VPH para la prevención y el control.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión y síntesis de los conocimientos actuales sobre la infección por el VPH y el desarrollo del cáncer cervical.
- Análisis del modelo de progresión en varias etapas de la carcinogénesis cervical.
- Evaluación del impacto de los genotipos de VPH en el riesgo de cáncer.
Principales resultados:
- La infección persistente con genotipos cancerígenos específicos del VPH es la causa principal del cáncer de cuello uterino.
- El desarrollo del cáncer cervical sigue un camino definido: infección, persistencia, precancer e invasión.
- Los diferentes genotipos de VPH exhiben diferentes potenciales cancerígenos.
Conclusiones:
- Una comprensión centrada en el VPH de la carcinogénesis cervical es crucial y debe reemplazar a los modelos morfológicos más antiguos.
- Las mejores pruebas de detección y las vacunas dirigidas al VPH han mejorado la prevención y el manejo.
- Las tecnologías relacionadas con el VPH ofrecen una estrategia prometedora para reducir la incidencia, morbilidad y mortalidad del cáncer cervical a nivel mundial, incluso en entornos con recursos limitados.
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