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La relación entre la actividad biológica de la selva tropical y la composición mineral de los suelos
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 23, 1993
Resumen
Los bosques de los trópicos húmedos mantienen la composición del suelo a través de la actividad biológica. El ciclo de la basura, especialmente el silicio, evita la lixiviación y estabiliza la kaolinita en la capa superior del suelo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos tropicales a menudo exhiben la capa superior del suelo kaolinítico sobre los horizontes del subsuelo gibbsítico.
- Esta estratificación del suelo no se explica únicamente por simples procesos de lixiviación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la actividad biológica en el mantenimiento de la composición mineral del suelo tropical.
- Comprender el ciclo de los elementos químicos, particularmente el silicio, en los ecosistemas amazónicos.
Principales métodos:
- Medida cuantitativa de la rotación de elementos químicos en la caída de desechos forestales.
- Análisis de la composición de fluidos que se filtran a través de los horizontes del suelo superior.
Principales resultados:
- Los ecosistemas de los bosques amazónicos reciclan cantidades significativas de elementos, especialmente silicio, a través de la caída de basura.
- Los fluidos del suelo que se filtran se enriquecen con silicio disuelto, originario del ciclo biológico.
- Este enriquecimiento de silicio evita la lixiviación hacia abajo del silicio.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad biológica, a través de la caída de basura y el ciclo de los elementos, es crucial para mantener la mineralogía del suelo en los trópicos húmedos.
- La estabilidad de la kaolinita en los horizontes superiores del suelo se atribuye a la retención de silicio facilitada por los ecosistemas forestales.
- Los ecosistemas forestales regulan activamente la composición química del suelo, evitando la degradación de los minerales a través de procesos biológicos.
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