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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

Investigación con el fotopolarimetro de la nube orbital.

L D Travis, D L Coffeen, J E Hansen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 23, 1979
    PubMed
    Resumen
    Este resumen es generado por máquina.

    Nuevos datos del orbitador revelan una capa de aerosol estratosférico de todo el planeta por encima de las nubes principales. Esta capa, junto con las características atmosféricas observadas como las marcas retrógradas y las células convectivas, ofrece información sobre la dinámica atmosférica planetaria.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
    • Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
    • La detección remota con sensores.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las observaciones anteriores de Mariner 10 en 1974 proporcionaron datos iniciales sobre las características planetarias.
    • Comprender la composición y la dinámica de la atmósfera es crucial para la exploración planetaria.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para analizar las primeras mediciones de polarización del fotopolarimetro de la nube del orbitador.
    • Para caracterizar la capa de aerosol submicrómetro recién detectada en la estratosfera inferior.
    • Para comparar las observaciones actuales con los datos históricos de Mariner 10.

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizando datos del fotopolarimetro de la nube del orbitador para mediciones de polarización.
    • Analizando las primeras imágenes de características atmosféricas y estructuras de nubes.
    • Comparando las características observadas con las documentadas por la misión Mariner 10.

    Principales resultados:

    • Detección de una capa de aerosol submicrómetro de todo el planeta en la estratosfera inferior (espesor óptico 0.05-0.1).
    • Observación de las marcas de la escala planetaria retrógrada (aprox. 100 m/s) y las células convectivas.
    • Las regiones polares cubiertas por nubes brillantes hasta ~ 50 grados de latitud, más brillantes de lo observado anteriormente.
    • Características celulares y grupos identificados en latitudes medias, algunos interactuando con las nubes polares.

    Conclusiones:

    • La capa de aerosol detectada influye significativamente en la composición y apariencia atmosférica del planeta.
    • Las características observadas indican procesos atmosféricos dinámicos, incluida la convección y la circulación a gran escala.
    • Las observaciones actuales de nubes polares difieren de los datos históricos, lo que sugiere cambios atmosféricos a lo largo del tiempo.