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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

Published on: May 3, 2011

Primeros resultados del experimento del radiómetro infrarrojo de la gran sonda.

R W Boese, J B Pollack, P M Silvaggio

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 23, 1979

Resumen

Este estudio estima las estimaciones de Venus Venus.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
Ciencia venusiana La ciencia venusiana es la ciencia venusiana.

Sus antecedentes:

Venus posee una densa atmósfera compuesta principalmente de dióxido de carbono.
Comprender la composición atmosférica y la transferencia radiativa es crucial para los estudios del clima planetario.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar los datos del radiómetro infrarrojo de una sonda de Venus durante el descenso.
Para determinar los perfiles de extinción de aerosoles y las relaciones de mezcla de vapor de agua en la atmósfera de Venus.
Para inferir la composición de las nubes utilizando datos espectrales.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un radiómetro infrarrojo de gran sonda para medir el flujo radiativo térmico neto.

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Análisis de datos a través de múltiples bandas espectrales durante el descenso atmosférico.

Extinción correlacionada en el infrarrojo con perfiles de aerosoles visibles.

Principales resultados:

Estimó el perfil del coeficiente de extinción infrarrojo de los aerosoles venusianos.
Determinó la relación de mezcla de vapor de agua debajo de las cubiertas de nubes.
Características espectrales observadas en el paso de banda de 67 micrómetros que indican la composición de las nubes.

Conclusiones:

Los datos del radiómetro infrarrojo proporcionan información valiosa sobre las propiedades atmosféricas de Venus.
Se cuantificaron las distribuciones de aerosoles y vapor de agua.
El análisis espectral ofrece pistas sobre la composición compleja de las nubes venusianas.