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The Scope of Physics01:17

The Scope of Physics

Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present technologies.
Physics knowledge...
Newton's First Law: Introduction01:17

Newton's First Law: Introduction

Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a dolphin jumping out of the water, the flight of a bird, or the orbit of a satellite. The study of motion is kinematics, but kinematics only describes the way objects move—their velocity and acceleration. Dynamics considers the forces that affect the motion of moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. These...
Newton's First Law: Application01:12

Newton's First Law: Application

Experience suggests that an object at rest remains at rest if left alone, and that an object in motion tends to slow down and stop unless some effort is made to keep it moving. However, Newton's first law gives a deeper explanation of this observation. The study of Newton's laws is like recognizing patterns in nature from which further patterns can be discovered. The genius of Galileo, who first developed the idea for the first law of motion, and Newton, who clarified it, was to ask the...
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...
Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
Conservation of Mechanical Energy01:05

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

The mechanical energy E of a system is the sum of its potential energy U and the kinetic energy K of the objects within it. What happens to this mechanical energy when only conservative forces cause energy transfers within the system—that is, when frictional and drag forces do not act on the objects in the system? Also assume that the system is isolated from its environment; in other words no external force from an object outside the system causes energy changes inside the system.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
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FÍSICA: ¿El NIF estará a la altura de su nombre?

C Seife

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 11, 2007
    PubMed
    Resumen

    El National Ignition Facility tiene como objetivo lograr la ignición por fusión dirigiendo casi 2 millones de joules de energía láser a una pastilla de hidrógeno. Sin embargo, persisten dudas significativas sobre si esto dará lugar a una reacción nuclear sostenida.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencia de la fusión nuclear Ciencia de la fusión nuclear
    • Física del láser de alta energía Física del láser de alta energía
    • La fusión por confinamiento inercial.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El National Ignition Facility (NIF) está diseñado para experimentos de fusión de confinamiento inercial.
    • NIF utiliza láseres potentes para comprimir y calentar un objetivo de combustible.
    • Lograr la "ignición" significa una reacción de fusión autosuficiente.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Evaluar la viabilidad de lograr la ignición por fusión en la Instalación Nacional de Ignición.
    • Evaluar las necesidades energéticas y los resultados potenciales de la configuración experimental del NIF.
    • Para analizar el consenso científico y las incertidumbres que rodean la ignición por fusión.

    Principales métodos:

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  • Dirigiendo aproximadamente 2 millones de joules de energía láser.
  • Se dirige a un gránulo de tamaño BB que contiene isótopos de hidrógeno.
  • Monitoreo para el inicio de una reacción de fusión nuclear sostenida.

    • Principales resultados:

    • El potencial de NIF para entregar la energía láser requerida está bajo escrutinio debido a problemas reportados.
    • El resultado primario de lograr o no lograr la ignición por fusión sigue siendo incierto.
    • Las opiniones científicas están divididas, con un optimismo cauteloso atenuado por dudas significativas.

    Conclusiones:

    • El éxito de NIF en el logro de sus objetivos declarados, en particular la ignición por fusión, no está garantizado.
    • Los desafíos científicos y técnicos significativos pueden impedir la realización de reacciones de fusión sostenidas.
    • Más investigación y desarrollo son fundamentales para superar los obstáculos en la fusión de confinamiento inercial.