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Deforestación tropical y fragmentación del hábitat en el Amazonas: datos satelitales de 1978 a 1988
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 25, 1993
Resumen
La deforestación en la Amazonía brasileña aumentó significativamente entre 1978 y 1988. Esta deforestación tropical y la fragmentación de los bosques afectaron gravemente a la diversidad biológica, con efectos mayores de lo estimado anteriormente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- La detección remota con sensores.
Sus antecedentes:
- La cuenca amazónica brasileña alberga una inmensa biodiversidad.
- Comprender los patrones de deforestación es crucial para los esfuerzos de conservación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la deforestación y su impacto en la fragmentación forestal y los efectos de borde en la Amazonía brasileña entre 1978 y 1988.
- Evaluar las consecuencias de estos cambios en la diversidad biológica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó imágenes satelitales Landsat para una cobertura completa de las áreas boscosas de la Amazonía brasileña.
- Deforestación medida, áreas forestales fragmentadas (menos de 100 km2 rodeadas por deforestación) y efectos de borde (1 km en el bosque de la deforestación).
Principales resultados:
- La deforestación tropical se expandió de 78.000 kilómetros cuadrados en 1978 a 230.000 kilómetros cuadrados en 1988.
- El hábitat del bosque tropical gravemente afectado, que afecta la diversidad biológica, aumentó de 208.000 a 588.000 kilómetros cuadrados.
- La tasa de deforestación, aunque más baja que las estimaciones anteriores, tuvo un mayor impacto en la biodiversidad.
Conclusiones:
- La deforestación en la Amazonía brasileña es un problema significativo y acelerado.
- La fragmentación de los bosques y los efectos secundarios exacerban la pérdida de biodiversidad.
- Las estrategias de conservación deben tener en cuenta el impacto amplificado de la deforestación en la biodiversidad.
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