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Mezcla turbulenta bajo el hielo de paquete a la deriva en el mar de Weddell

M G McPhee, D G Martinson

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 14, 1994

Resumen

La interacción aire-mar a altas latitudes impulsa la circulación de las profundidades oceánicas. Las mediciones de la estación de hielo Weddell-1 revelaron procesos clave que controlan el calor del océano superior y el intercambio de impulso durante las tormentas invernales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.

Sus antecedentes:

La interacción aire-mar-hielo a altas latitudes es crucial para la circulación de los océanos profundos y la comunicación del sistema climático.
La comprensión de los procesos de intercambio cercanos a la superficie (calor, sal, momento) es vital para el modelado del clima oceánico.
El oeste del mar de Weddell es una región clave para estudiar estas interacciones aire-mar-hielo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para medir directamente el flujo de calor turbulento y el estrés de Reynolds en la parte superior del océano.
Para analizar la dinámica de la capa límite oceánica durante las condiciones invernales.
Para validar modelos de procesos oceánicos de capas mixtas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó la estación de hielo estadounidense-rusa Weddell-1 para mediciones in situ.
Datos recopilados durante una tormenta en el oeste del mar de Weddell en 1992.
Analizaron las espirales de Ekman, el flujo de calor, los gradientes de temperatura, la viscosidad de los remolinos y las escalas de longitud turbulenta.

Principales resultados:

Observó espirales de Ekman bien formadas en velocidad y tensión turbulenta.
Se encontró una alta correlación entre el flujo de calor de la capa mixta y los gradientes de temperatura.
Determinación de la viscosidad y difusividad térmica de remolinos similares (aprox. 0,02 m2/s). también se utiliza.
Identificó una escala de longitud turbulenta proporcional a la longitud de onda pico en el espectro de velocidad vertical.

Conclusiones:

Las mediciones apoyan un modelo donde la viscosidad del remolino es proporcional a la tensión límite dividida por el parámetro de Coriolis.
Los hallazgos mejoran la comprensión de la física de la capa límite oceánica en regiones de altas latitudes.
Los datos contribuyen a mejorar los modelos climáticos mediante el refinamiento de la parametrización de las interacciones aire-mar-hielo.

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