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Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

The Fossil Record

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...

What is Evolutionary History?

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...

Limits to Natural Selection

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

What is Natural Selection?

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.The Theory of Natural...

Conditions on Early Earth

Conditions on Early Earth

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

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Colocando a los últimos neandertales en un contexto climático.

P C Tzedakis¹, K A Hughen, I Cacho

¹Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. p.c.tzedakis@leeds.ac.uk

|September 14, 2007

Resumen

Este estudio utiliza una nueva estratigrafía climática de radiocarbono para fechar artefactos neandertales de Gorham.

Área de la Ciencia:

Paleoclimatología Paleoclimatología
Arqueología Arqueología.
Ciencia Cuaternaria La ciencia cuaternaria es la ciencia cuaternaria.

Sus antecedentes:

La datación climática precisa de los hallazgos paleolíticos es un desafío debido a las incertidumbres de la calibración de radiocarbono y la falta de cronologías climáticas maestras.
Los métodos existentes luchan por correlacionar los hallazgos arqueológicos con eventos climáticos específicos, lo que complica las interpretaciones de la evolución humana.
El papel del clima en la extinción de los neandertales sigue siendo objeto de debate, en parte debido a las dificultades para datar con precisión sus ocupaciones finales.

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