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Los esfuerzos de la industria tabacalera para socavar la evidencia que vincula el humo de segunda mano con las
Elisa K Tong1, Stanton A Glantz
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
Circulation
|October 17, 2007
Resumen
La industria tabacalera cuestionó los riesgos del humo de segunda mano (SHS) para las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) mediante la financiación de estudios erróneos y atacando la evidencia científica. Sus esfuerzos tenían como objetivo luchar contra las regulaciones y promover productos de "daño reducido".
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El consenso científico vincula el humo de segunda mano (SHS) con un aumento del 30% en el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV).
- La industria tabacalera ha disputado históricamente el vínculo entre SHS y CVD, pero las especificidades de sus esfuerzos siguen siendo poco exploradas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir cómo y por qué la industria tabacalera impugnó la evidencia que vincula el SHS a las ECV.
- Analizar las estrategias de la industria tabacalera para desafiar los hallazgos científicos sobre los riesgos de SHS y CVD.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de aproximadamente 50 millones de documentos de la industria del tabaco.
- Revisión de los estudios epidemiológicos financiados por la industria y la investigación de plausibilidad biológica.
- Examen de las tácticas de la industria para socavar los vínculos SHS-CVD y promover productos alternativos.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios epidemiológicos financiados por la industria exhibieron una clasificación errónea de la exposición, sesgando los resultados contra una asociación SHS-CVD.
- La investigación de la industria sobre la plausibilidad biológica, aunque a veces mostraba efectos de SHS, a menudo se reinterpretó para apoyar explicaciones alternativas.
- Los esfuerzos de la industria tenían como objetivo combatir las regulaciones libres de humo y apoyar el desarrollo de productos de tabaco de "daño reducido".
Conclusiones:
- La industria tabacalera manipuló el diseño e interpretación de la investigación para proteger los intereses corporativos e influir en la política de salud pública.
- Las estrategias de la industria incluyeron cuestionar la evidencia científica y promover productos con afirmaciones de seguridad no probadas.
- Se insta a la cautela con respecto a los debates regulatorios actuales de la industria del tabaco y el desarrollo de productos de daño reducido.
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