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La actividad física y el riesgo reducido de eventos cardiovasculares: posibles mecanismos de mediación
Samia Mora1, Nancy Cook, Julie E Buring
1Donald W. Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. smora2@partners.org
Circulation
|October 31, 2007
Resumen
La actividad física regular reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Este beneficio se explica en gran medida por las mejoras en los marcadores inflamatorios y la presión arterial, destacando los mecanismos clave para la prevención de ECV.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
- Ciencias del ejercicio Ciencia del ejercicio.
- Los biomarcadores también son biomarcadores.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los niveles más altos de actividad física están relacionados con la reducción de los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV).
- Los mecanismos exactos de esta asociación no se comprenden completamente.
- Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular pueden desempeñar un papel mediador.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel mediador de varios factores de riesgo en la relación entre la actividad física y las ECV.
- Cuantificar la contribución de diferentes factores de riesgo a la asociación inversa observada.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de 27.055 mujeres sanas con un seguimiento promedio de 10,9 años.
- Se midieron los niveles basales de hemoglobina A1c, lípidos, creatinina, homocisteína y biomarcadores inflamatorios / hemostáticos.
- Evalúa la actividad física autoinformada, el peso, la altura, la hipertensión y la diabetes.
Principales resultados:
- El riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular disminuyó linealmente con el aumento de la actividad física.
- Las diferencias en los factores de riesgo conocidos explicaron el 59,0% de la asociación inversa.
- Los biomarcadores inflamatorios/hemostáticos (32,6%) y la presión arterial (27,1%) fueron los mayores contribuyentes a la reducción del riesgo.
Conclusiones:
- La asociación inversa entre la actividad física y el riesgo de ECV está sustancialmente mediada por factores de riesgo conocidos.
- Los factores inflamatorios / hemostáticos y la presión arterial son mediadores clave.
- Los lípidos nuevos, el IMC y la hemoglobina A1c / diabetes también contribuyeron, mientras que la homocisteína y la creatinina tuvieron un impacto mínimo.
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