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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription01:10

Transcription

138.2K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.0K
Transcription01:17

Transcription

23.9K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
23.9K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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La especificidad funcional entre las proteínas ribosómicas regula la expresión génica.

Suzanne Komili1, Natalie G Farny, Frederick P Roth

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02119, USA.

Cell
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Resumen

Las proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas en la levadura muestran funciones especializadas más allá de los simples efectos de la dosis. Estos parálogos tienen funciones distintas en la traducción, ensamblaje y localización del ARNm, lo que sugiere un "código ribosomal".

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología de la levadura Biología de la levadura.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los genes duplicados a menudo evitan la pérdida a través de beneficios de dosificación o divergencia funcional.
  • La levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae posee numerosos genes de proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas.
  • Investigaciones anteriores indicaron redundancia funcional entre estas proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los requisitos paralog-específicos para la traducción de los ARNm localizados, específicamente el ARNm ASH1 en levaduras.
  • Explorar la especialización funcional de las proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas más allá de sus niveles de expresión.
  • Para determinar si los parálogos de proteínas ribosómicas tienen funciones diferenciales en los procesos celulares y el ensamblaje.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudios de la traducción del ARNm ASH1 en levaduras.
  • Perfilado transcripcional y fenotípico de las células que carecen de proteínas ribosómicas específicas.
  • Análisis del ensamblaje y localización del parálogo de la proteína ribosómica.

Principales resultados:

  • Requisitos específicos para paralogos demostrados para la traducción de ARNm localizado, particularmente para un subconjunto de proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas.
  • Se identificaron diferencias de roles funcionales entre parálogos de proteínas ribosómicas que se extienden más allá de la localización del ARNm.
  • Reveló requisitos diferenciales para el ensamblaje y la localización de parálogos de proteínas ribosómicas.

Conclusiones:

  • Los parálogos de proteínas ribosómicas exhiben una especialización compleja para procesos celulares específicos.
  • Los hallazgos apoyan la existencia de un "código ribosomal" que rige la función y la localización de las proteínas.
  • Las proteínas ribosómicas duplicadas no son completamente redundantes y poseen funciones funcionales distintas.