Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 7, 2026
08:19
Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
Published on: December 19, 2011
Restricción y rotación en la expresión génica sesgada por sexo en el género Drosophila
Yu Zhang1, David Sturgill, Michael Parisi
1Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. yuzhang@mail.nih.gov
Nature
|November 13, 2007
Resumen
Los cambios evolutivos en la expresión génica, particularmente los genes sesgados hacia los machos, impulsan las diferencias de especies en Drosophila. La rápida rotación y divergencia de estos genes resaltan su papel en la especiación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- La divergencia fenotípica entre especies surge de las diferencias en el contenido del genoma y la expresión génica.
- Los rasgos específicos del sexo, como la longitud del esperma y los genitales, están evolucionando rápidamente y son prominentes en la especiación de Drosophila.
- Comprender la expresión génica sesgada por sexo es crucial para descifrar la evolución del genoma y la diferenciación de las especies.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la dinámica evolutiva de la expresión génica sesgada por sexo en todo el género Drosophila.
- Para comparar la contribución de genes ortólogos y restringidos por especies a la varianza de expresión.
- Para identificar patrones de rotación de genes y divergencia asociados con la expresión sesgada por sexo.
Principales métodos:
- Transcriptómica comparativa utilizando microarrays específicos de las especies.
- Análisis de la expresión génica en siete especies de Drosophila: D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. yakuba, D. ananassae, D. pseudoobscura, D. virilis, y D. mojavensis.
- Examen de genes tanto ortológicos como restringidos por especies, centrándose en la expresión sesgada por sexo.
Principales resultados:
- Los cambios promedio de expresión sesgada por sexo se acumulan monotónicamente a lo largo del tiempo evolutivo dentro del género Drosophila.
- Los genes restringidos a la especie con expresión sesgada masculina exhiben tasas de rotación más altas, lo que sugiere un papel en la formación de especies.
- Los genes con expresión sesgada masculina muestran la mayor divergencia tanto en los niveles de expresión como en la secuencia de ADN.
Conclusiones:
- El nacimiento y la muerte de genes, especialmente para los genes sesgados masculinos, contribuyen significativamente a la divergencia de especies en Drosophila.
- La alta divergencia y rotación de genes sesgados masculinos pueden ser impulsados por factores como la alta transcripción de la línea germinal masculina, la pleiotropía en las hembras o la competencia sexual.
- La expresión génica sesgada por el sexo es una fuerza evolutiva clave que da forma a las diferencias de las especies.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
02:50Dosage Compensation
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
02:46Genetic Screens
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...