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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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La producción de células madre embrionarias de primates por transferencia de núcleos de células somáticas.

J A Byrne1, D A Pedersen, L L Clepper

  • 1Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.

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|November 16, 2007
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Los científicos crearon con éxito células madre embrionarias (ES) específicas para el paciente utilizando la transferencia de núcleos de células somáticas (SCNT) en macacos rhesus. Este avance demuestra el potencial de clonación terapéutica en primates para la medicina regenerativa.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Reproductiva Biología Reproductiva.
  • Ciencia de las Células Madre Ciencia de las Células Madre
  • Investigación en primates Investigación en primates.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transferencia nuclear de células somáticas (SCNT, por sus siglas en inglés) ofrece potencial para terapias regenerativas específicas del paciente.
  • Los intentos anteriores de SCNT en primates se enfrentaron a desafíos con la eficiencia de reprogramación y el desarrollo embrionario.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método SCNT modificado para obtener células madre embrionarias (ES) de células somáticas adultas en macacos rhesus.
  • Para demostrar la viabilidad de la clonación terapéutica en primates.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó una técnica SCNT modificada con fibroblastos de piel adulta de macacos rhesus.
  • Aislaron y caracterizaron dos líneas de células madre embrionarias de los blastocistos resultantes.
  • Se realizó un análisis de ADN para confirmar la identidad genética y el origen mitocondrial.

Principales resultados:

  • Produjo con éxito blastocistos de macaco rhesus usando SCNT modificado.
  • Se aislaron dos líneas de células madre embrionarias con morfología normal y marcadores clave de células madre.
  • Se confirmó que el ADN nuclear coincidía con las células del donante y que el ADN mitocondrial se originó en los ovocitos.
  • Se ha demostrado pluripotencia a través de la diferenciación in vitro e in vivo.

Conclusiones:

  • Logró con éxito la reprogramación nuclear de células somáticas adultas en células ES pluripotentes en primates.
  • Prueba de concepto establecida para la clonación terapéutica en primates no humanos.
  • allanó el camino para posibles aplicaciones de medicina regenerativa en primates.