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Metanotropía por debajo del pH 1 por una nueva especie de Verrucomicrobia
Arjan Pol1, Klaas Heijmans, Harry R Harhangi
1Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nature
|November 16, 2007
Resumen
Los científicos descubrieron una nueva bacteria amante del ácido, Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolV, capaz de consumir metano en entornos volcánicos extremos. Este hallazgo amplía nuestra comprensión de la vida microbiana en condiciones adversas y su papel en el ciclo del metano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geomicrobiología es la geomicrobiología.
- Microbiología Ambiental y Microbiología Ambiental.
- Ciclos biogeoquímicos y ciclos biogeoquímicos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los volcanes de barro y las fumarolas emiten metano, lo que sugiere un consumo biológico de metano.
- Se pensó que las condiciones extremas (alta temperatura, bajo pH) en las fumarolas impiden que las bacterias metanotrópicas conocidas.
- La oxidación aeróbica del metano es iniciada por el metano mono-oxigenasa (gen pmoA).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar las bacterias metanotróficas capaces de prosperar en entornos volcánicos extremos.
- Para caracterizar las nuevas bacterias oxidantes de metano del volcán Solfatara.
- Comprender el papel microbiano en el ciclo del metano en áreas geoquímicamente activas.
Principales métodos:
- Extracción de ADN del barro del volcán Solfatara y el suelo circundante.
- Construcción y secuenciación de bibliotecas de clones de genes pmoA.
- Cultivo de enriquecimiento en condiciones extremas (50°C, pH 2.0).
- Aislamiento y caracterización de una nueva bacteria metanotrófica acidífila.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron nuevos y distantes grupos de genes pmoA en el ADN ambiental.
- Una bacteria metanotrófica acidífila, Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolV, fue aislada.
- Esta bacteria pertenece al filo Verrucomicrobia y prospera a un pH tan bajo como 0.8.8.
- A. fumarolicum SolV posee tres genes pmoA distintos, con dos secuencias ambientales que coinciden.
Conclusiones:
- Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolV es el primer metanótrofo acidifílico descrito del filo Verrucomicrobia.
- Esta bacteria juega un papel en la oxidación del metano en entornos volcánicos extremos.
- Bacterias similares pueden estar extendidas en entornos extremos a nivel mundial, contribuyendo al ciclo del metano.
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