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Medidas provisionales para satisfacer las necesidades de datos del sector de la salud: nacimientos, muertes y causas
Kenneth Hill1, Alan D Lopez, Kenji Shibuya
1Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridg, MA, USA. kenneth_hill@harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|November 22, 2007
Resumen
Los países en desarrollo utilizan métodos de recopilación de datos intermedios para llenar las lagunas en las estadísticas vitales. Estos enfoques complementan, pero no reemplazan, los sistemas de registro civil esenciales para la salud de la población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los países en desarrollo a menudo carecen de sistemas efectivos de registro civil para datos cruciales de salud de la población.
- Existen brechas de información significativas con respecto a los nacimientos, muertes y causas de muerte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las estrategias de recolección y estimación de datos intermedios utilizadas para abordar las deficiencias en los sistemas de registro civil.
- Evaluar el papel de estos enfoques en la mejora del conocimiento demográfico y epidemiológico.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando censos de población, sistemas de registro de muestras vitales y sitios de vigilancia demográfica.
- Empleando encuestas por muestras coordinadas internacionalmente y métodos mejorados de evaluación/análisis de datos.
- Incorporando la autopsia verbal y el modelado de enfermedades para determinar la causa de la muerte.
Principales resultados:
- Los enfoques provisionales han aumentado sustancialmente la comprensión de la demografía de la población y la epidemiología descriptiva en los países en desarrollo.
- Estos métodos han demostrado ser eficaces para complementar los sistemas de registro civil incompletos.
- Persisten lagunas en los datos, especialmente con respecto a la mortalidad de adultos.
Conclusiones:
- Los métodos de recopilación y análisis de datos provisionales son complementos vitales, no sustitutos, del registro civil completo.
- Estos enfoques son componentes esenciales de los sistemas integrales de información de salud.
- Las organizaciones internacionales, los gobiernos y la academia comparten la responsabilidad de la recopilación continua de datos y la mejora metodológica.
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