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Evaluación social por parte de los bebés previos al lenguaje oral.

J Kiley Hamlin1, Karen Wynn, Paul Bloom

  • 1Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8205, USA. kiley.hamlin@yale.edu

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|November 23, 2007
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Los bebés de tan solo 6 meses pueden evaluar a los demás en función de sus acciones hacia terceros. Esta capacidad de evaluación social temprana, observada en los bebés preverbales, puede formar la base de la moralidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
  • La cognición social es el conocimiento social.
  • Psicología evolutiva Psicología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La evaluación social es crucial para navegar por entornos sociales complejos.
  • Si bien los adultos evalúan rápidamente a los individuos, los orígenes del desarrollo de esta capacidad no están claros.
  • La comprensión de la evaluación social temprana informa las teorías del desarrollo moral.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si los bebés preverbales evalúan a los individuos en función de su comportamiento hacia los demás.
  • Determinar el surgimiento del desarrollo de la evaluación social en la infancia.

Principales métodos:

  • A los bebés (6 y 10 meses de edad) se les presentaron escenarios que involucraban a individuos que exhibían comportamientos de ayuda, obstáculo o neutralidad hacia un tercero.
  • Las preferencias de los bebés se midieron observando sus tiempos de búsqueda o opciones entre individuos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los bebés preferían a las personas que ayudaban a los demás a las que obstaculizaban a los demás.
  • Los bebés mostraron una preferencia por ayudar a las personas en comparación con las personas neutrales.
  • Los bebés preferían a los individuos neutrales a los que obstaculizaban a los individuos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los bebés preverbales evalúan a los individuos en función de sus acciones prosociales o antisociales hacia los demás.
  • Esta capacidad temprana para la evaluación social sugiere una base biológica para el juicio moral.
  • Los hallazgos apoyan la opinión de que la evaluación social es una adaptación evolucionada que apoya la navegación social.