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Prevención de enfermedades crónicas: un llamado a la acción
Robert Beaglehole1, Shah Ebrahim, Srinath Reddy
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. r.beaglehole@auckland.ac.nz
Lancet (London, England)
|December 8, 2007
Resumen
La prevención y el control de las enfermedades crónicas son alcanzables y rentables. Los esfuerzos globales pueden evitar millones de muertes y producir beneficios económicos significativos, lo que requiere una respuesta mundial coordinada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Enfermedades no transmisibles Las enfermedades no transmisibles.
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades crónicas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el cáncer, las enfermedades respiratorias y la diabetes son las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad a nivel mundial.
- Estas condiciones a menudo se descuidan en las agendas mundiales de salud y se subestiman por su profundo impacto económico.
- Abordar las enfermedades crónicas es crucial para el desarrollo y el logro de los objetivos mundiales de salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar evidencia de que el objetivo global de prevención y control de enfermedades crónicas es alcanzable y rentable.
- Para resaltar el potencial para evitar millones de muertes y lograr grandes beneficios económicos a través de intervenciones específicas.
- Hacer un llamado a un esfuerzo mundial sostenido para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades crónicas, integrado con el fortalecimiento del sistema de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las intervenciones existentes para la prevención y el control de enfermedades crónicas.
- Análisis de la rentabilidad de las intervenciones para poblaciones enteras y individuos de alto riesgo.
- Examen de los beneficios económicos asociados con el logro de los objetivos mundiales de enfermedades crónicas.
Principales resultados:
- El objetivo global de prevención y control de enfermedades crónicas es alcanzable con las intervenciones existentes.
- Un pequeño conjunto de intervenciones dirigidas a poblaciones y individuos de alto riesgo pueden ser efectivas.
- El costo anual estimado de las intervenciones en 23 países de ingresos bajos y medios es de aproximadamente US$5.800 millones (2005).
Conclusiones:
- Lograr el objetivo global de prevención y control de enfermedades crónicas es realista y puede evitar 36 millones de muertes para 2015.
- Existen intervenciones rentables que pueden ser implementadas para manejar la carga de las enfermedades crónicas.
- Se necesita urgentemente un esfuerzo mundial sostenido que involucre a múltiples partes interesadas para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades crónicas.
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