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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Hooke's Law01:26

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Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Cambios en el módulo de corte a baja temperatura en el sólido 4He y conexión con la supersolididad.

James Day1, John Beamish

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7 Canada.

Nature
|December 8, 2007
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Resumen

Los investigadores investigaron la supersolididad en el helio-4 (4He) midiendo su módulo de corte. Los grandes aumentos en el módulo por debajo de 200 mK sugieren dislocaciones móviles, lo que podría explicar las observaciones anteriores de supersolididad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física cuántica es la física cuántica.
  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • Física de bajas temperaturas.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La superfluidez, el flujo de líquido sin fricción, es conocida en el helio.
  • La supersolididad, su análogo sólido cuántico, fue sugerida por experimentos con osciladores de torsión en helio-4 (4He).
  • Los cambios de frecuencia observados en los osciladores de torsión 4He indicaron desacoplamiento, pero las firmas de superflujo estaban ausentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el comportamiento mecánico del sólido 4He a bajas temperaturas.
  • Comprender los mecanismos subyacentes de los fenómenos de supersolididad observados.
  • Para correlacionar las propiedades elásticas con el comportamiento de los defectos en el sólido 4He.

Principales métodos:

  • Medición del módulo de corte del sólido 4He a bajas frecuencias y deformaciones.
  • Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo a temperaturas inferiores a 200 mK.
  • Análisis de la dependencia de la amplitud de medición, la concentración de impurezas 3He y el recocido.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron grandes aumentos en el módulo de corte del sólido 4He por debajo de 200 mK.
  • Este comportamiento elástico mostró dependencias en la amplitud, la concentración de 3He y el recocido, reflejando los experimentos con osciladores de torsión.
  • Se propuso una red de dislocación, fijada por 3He a bajas temperaturas y móvil por encima de 100 mK, para explicar los resultados.

Conclusiones:

  • El inusual comportamiento elástico observado en el sólido 4He se atribuye a una red de dislocación móvil.
  • El movimiento de dislocación se sugiere como la causa de los cambios de frecuencia en los experimentos con osciladores de torsión.
  • Las dinámicas de dislocación pueden interrumpir o explicar los fenómenos previamente interpretados como supersolididad en 4He.