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Un océano de magma denso que se cristaliza en la base del manto de la Tierra
S Labrosse1, J W Hernlund, N Coltice
1Laboratoire des sciences de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5570, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. stephane.labrosse@ens-lyon.fr
Nature
|December 8, 2007
Resumen
Tierra temprana de la Tierra temprana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Sus antecedentes:
- La distribución geoquímica de las especies se rige por la fusión y cristalización del manto, vinculada a la evolución térmica de la Tierra.
- La evidencia sugiere un extenso pasado de fusión profunda del manto, con densas manchas de fusión parcial en la base del manto.
- El enfriamiento del núcleo es necesario para el mantenimiento de la geodinámica a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel de un profundo océano de magma de la Tierra primitiva en la distribución de elementos geoquímicos.
- Para explorar el potencial de un océano de magma basal como un reservorio geoquímico sin muestrear.
- Para conciliar los datos geoquímicos y los modelos de evolución térmica.
Principales métodos:
- Modelación de la cristalización fraccionada de una capa de fusión profunda y estable en la base de la Tierra.
- Analizando las proporciones de 142Nd/144Nd en condritas y rocas terrestres.
- Desarrollar modelos de evolución térmica que incorporen calor radiogénico e intercambio de calor latente.
Principales resultados:
- Una capa de fusión basal estable de 1.000 km de espesor se sometería a una lenta cristalización fraccionaria.
- Este proceso puede explicar el "presupuesto perdido" de los elementos generadores de calor y las variaciones 142Nd/144Nd.
- El calor radiogénico y el intercambio de calor latente evitan el enfriamiento temprano del núcleo.
Conclusiones:
- Un océano de magma basal temprano es un modelo viable para un reservorio geoquímico sin muestras.
- La cristalización fraccionada dentro de esta capa explica las principales anomalías geoquímicas.
- Este modelo apoya una aparición tardía del geodinamo (hace 3,4-4 Gyr).
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