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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc
15:59

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Published on: May 1, 2010

Predicción de patrones de expresión de la secuencia reguladora en la segmentación de Drosophila.

Eran Segal1, Tali Raveh-Sadka, Mark Schroeder

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. eran@weizmann.ac.il

Nature
|January 4, 2008
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un nuevo modelo termodinámico predice con precisión los patrones de expresión génica en el desarrollo de los metazoos mediante el análisis de las secuencias de ADN reguladoras y las interacciones de los factores de transcripción. Este marco computacional mejora la comprensión de las redes de genes del desarrollo.

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Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • Biología de sistemas Biología de sistemas.
  • Biología computacional Biología computacional.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La expresión génica espacial-temporal precisa es crucial para el desarrollo de los metazoos.
  • La comprensión mecánica de las redes de control de transcripción sigue siendo incompleta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un nuevo modelo termodinámico para predecir patrones de expresión génica.
  • Aclarar cómo las secuencias cis-reguladoras y los factores de transcripción (TF) orquestan el desarrollo.
  • Para aplicar el modelo a la red de genes de segmentación de Drosophila melanogaster.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló un modelo termodinámico para calcular patrones de expresión basados en secuencias cis-reguladoras y en la unión/expresión TF.
  • Aplicó el modelo para analizar los módulos cis-reguladores (CRM) en Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Investigó la contribución de los sitios de enlace TF fuertes y débiles y su agrupación.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo predice con precisión los patrones de expresión de los CRM.
  • La información posicional está codificada en secuencias reguladoras y distribución de TF.
  • Tanto los sitios de unión fuertes como los débiles contribuyen a una alta ocupación del ADN y a la robustez mutacional.
  • El agrupamiento homotípico de corto alcance de los sitios más débiles permite la unión cooperativa, agudizando los patrones de expresión.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo termodinámico desarrollado proporciona una poderosa herramienta para comprender la regulación génica.
  • La información posicional en desarrollo está codificada dentro del paisaje regulatorio de ADN y TF.
  • La vinculación cooperativa a través de sitios agrupados es esencial para el patrón de desarrollo preciso.