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Efectos de las ondas acústicas en el stick-slip en medios granulares e implicaciones para los terremotos
Paul A Johnson1, Heather Savage, Matt Knuth
1Geophysics Group EES-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory of the University of California, MS D443, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. paj@lanl.gov
Nature
|January 4, 2008
Resumen
Las ondas sísmicas pueden desencadenar terremotos a través de la activación dinámica, incluso a grandes distancias. Los experimentos de laboratorio revelan que los materiales granulares exhiben memoria de tensión, lo que influye en los patrones de recurrencia de los terremotos mucho después de que cesen las vibraciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Sus antecedentes:
- El mecanismo por el cual las ondas sísmicas desencadenan terremotos a grandes distancias sigue sin estar claro.
- La nucleación de terremotos suele ocurrir a profundidades donde la sobrecarga estática debería evitar el desencadenamiento por ondas sísmicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la física del desencadenamiento dinámico por ondas sísmicas.
- Para entender cómo el estrés dinámico influye en la recurrencia de los terremotos.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos de laboratorio que simulan el material de la zona de falla (perlas de vidrio) bajo corte y tensión normal.
- Aplicación de vibraciones acústicas (ondas de sonido) para perturbar el medio granular.
Principales resultados:
- Los eventos de falla de pequeña magnitud, similares a las réplicas desencadenadas, ocurren cuando las amplitudes de las ondas sonoras exceden varios microstrain.
- Los eventos desencadenados pueden retrasarse o ocurrir en cascada; los grandes eventos de deslizamiento se interrumpen.
- Memoria de deformación observada en material granular, con efectos que persisten mucho después de que las vibraciones se detengan.
Conclusiones:
- El estrés dinámico de las ondas sísmicas puede desencadenar terremotos e influir en su recurrencia.
- Los materiales granulares poseen una memoria de deformación que afecta el comportamiento de los terremotos.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para comprender la complejidad de la recurrencia de terremotos en fallas tectónicas.
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