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Los protones actúan como un transmisor para la contracción muscular en C. elegans

Asim A Beg¹, Glen G Ernstrom, Paola Nix

¹Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA.

|January 15, 2008

Resumen

Los protones señalan directamente a las células intestinales para que contraigan los músculos, sin pasar por las neuronas. Este estudio identifica los mecanismos de liberación y recepción de protones, revelando una nueva comunicación intercelular en C. elegans.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología celular Biología celular.
La neurobiología es la neurobiología.
Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.

Sus antecedentes:

La contracción muscular suele estar regulada por los neurotransmisores de las neuronas motoras.
El programa motor de defecación de C. elegans implica una contracción muscular posterior del cuerpo independiente de la entrada neuronal.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el mecanismo de la contracción muscular durante el programa motor de defecación de C. elegans en ausencia de señalización neuronal.
Para identificar las moléculas de señalización y los receptores involucrados en esta activación muscular no neuronal.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó modelos de C. elegans para observar la contracción muscular.
Los cambios de pH extracelular medidos entre el intestino y los músculos.
Investigó el papel de los genes PBO-4 (intercambiador de iones Na+/H+) y PBO-5/PBO-6 (canal catiónico de protones).
Se realizan ensayos de expresión heteróloga para determinar los umbrales de activación del receptor.

Principales resultados:

Demostró que los protones actúan como transmisores directos de las células intestinales para estimular la contracción muscular.
Se demostró que el espacio extracelular entre el intestino y el músculo se acidifica antes de la contracción.
Identificó PBO-4 como crucial para la liberación de protones y PBO-5 / PBO-6 como esencial para la recepción de protones por los músculos.
Se encontró que el receptor PBO se activa a un pH de 6.8.

Conclusiones:

Estableció un inusual mecanismo de comunicación intercelular donde los protones median la contracción muscular.
Destacó una nueva vía para la señalización independiente de la neurotransmisión tradicional.
Identificó a los principales actores moleculares en la señalización de célula a célula basada en protones.

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