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Un movimiento fundamental de las alas de las aves proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre la evolución del vuelo
Kenneth P Dial1, Brandon E Jackson, Paolo Segre
1Flight Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA. kdial@mso.umt.edu
Nature
|January 25, 2008
Resumen
Las aves terrestres desarrollan un golpe de alas único temprano en la vida, crucial para comprender la evolución del vuelo aviar. Este hallazgo desafía las teorías anteriores sobre el origen del vuelo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La biomecánica es la biomecánica.
- Paleontología Paleontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El origen del vuelo aviar es un debate de larga data, con teorías centradas en los orígenes arbóreos (que viven en los árboles) o cursoriales (correr).
- Los datos empíricos sobre la dinámica del movimiento de las alas en un contexto evolutivo han sido escasos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la cinemática del movimiento de las alas en aves terrestres juveniles durante la transición al vuelo de aleteo.
- Proporcionar datos empíricos que desafíen las hipótesis existentes sobre la evolución del vuelo aviar.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de la cinemática del movimiento de las alas en aves terrestres desde la eclosión hasta la edad adulta.
- Observación de los modos locomotores primarios, incluido el vuelo descendente y la inclinación de las aletas, lo que lleva al vuelo de aleteo nivelado.
Principales resultados:
- Las aves terrestres utilizan un golpe de ala dentro de un rango estrecho (<20 grados en relación con la gravedad) durante todo el desarrollo.
- Este golpe de ala genera fuerzas aerodinámicas aproximadamente 40 grados por encima de la horizontal, lo que permite un rango de 180 grados de dirección de viaje.
- Los resultados contradicen las percepciones populares y las inferencias anteriores sobre los orígenes del vuelo.
Conclusiones:
- Se propone una hipótesis de ala ontogenética-transicional.
- Esta hipótesis sugiere que las etapas evolutivas del vuelo corresponden a las etapas de desarrollo observadas en las formas ontogenéticas.
- El estudio proporciona un nuevo marco para comprender la evolución del vuelo aviar basado en la cinemática del desarrollo.
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