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Producción abiogénica de hidrocarburos en el campo hidrotermal de la ciudad perdida
Giora Proskurowski1, Marvin D Lilley, Jeffery S Seewald
1School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. giora@whoi.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 2, 2008
Resumen
La síntesis abiótica de hidrocarburos a través de reacciones de tipo Fischer-Tropsch (FTT) está respaldada por nuevos datos isotópicos del Campo Hidrotermal de la Ciudad Perdida. Es probable que el carbono derivado del manto, no el agua de mar, alimente esta producción natural de hidrocarburos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
- La geoquímica orgánica es la geoquímica orgánica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los hidrocarburos de bajo peso molecular en fluidos hidrotermales naturales a menudo se atribuyen a reacciones abiogénicas de tipo Fischer-Tropsch (FTT).
- Sin embargo, la evidencia definitiva de las reacciones FTT en entornos naturales ha sido escasa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el origen de los hidrocarburos en fluidos ricos en hidrógeno en el campo hidrotermal de Lost City, alojado en ultramaficos.
- Para proporcionar evidencia a favor o en contra de la producción de hidrocarburos abiogénicos a través de reacciones FTT.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las concentraciones de hidrocarburos y los isótopos estables (carbono e hidrógeno) y radiocarbono en los fluidos del Campo Hidrotermal de la Ciudad Perdida.
- Interpretación de datos isotópicos para inferir vías de reacción y fuentes de carbono.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una clara tendencia inversa en la composición isotópica estable de carbono e hidrógeno de los hidrocarburos C1 a C4, consistente con la génesis de FTT.
- La evidencia de radiocarbono excluyó el bicarbonato de agua de mar como la fuente de carbono, lo que indica una fuente de carbono inorgánico derivado del manto lixiviado de las rocas huésped.
Conclusiones:
- La síntesis abiótica de hidrocarburos a través de reacciones FTT se demuestra en un entorno natural que involucra rocas ultramaficas, agua y calor moderado.
- Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones significativas para la comprensión de los orígenes de los hidrocarburos en ambientes terrestres y potencialmente extraterrestres.
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