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La urbanización y la riqueza de las naciones
David E Bloom1, David Canning, Günther Fink
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dbloom@hsph.harvard.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 9, 2008
Resumen
La urbanización se correlaciona con los ingresos, pero no afecta las tasas de crecimiento económico. Las políticas que alientan o desalientan la vida urbana no están respaldadas por esta evidencia de crecimiento económico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía La economía es la economía.
- Estudios Urbanos y Estudios Urbanos.
- Estudios de desarrollo Estudios de desarrollo Estudios de desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La urbanización está fuertemente vinculada a los niveles de ingreso nacional.
- Las áreas urbanas proporcionan ventajas económicas como las economías de escala y las estructuras de mercado.
- Los trabajadores urbanos a menudo exhiben una mayor productividad y ganancias en comparación con sus contrapartes rurales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre el nivel de urbanización y la tasa de crecimiento económico.
- Evaluar si los beneficios de la urbanización superan sus desafíos asociados en el contexto del crecimiento económico.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la correlación entre la proporción de población en áreas urbanas y los niveles de ingreso.
- Examen del impacto de los niveles de urbanización en las tasas de crecimiento económico, considerando los impedimentos potenciales.
- Revisión de la evidencia existente sobre la productividad urbana y los desafíos asociados.
Principales resultados:
- Existe una fuerte correlación positiva entre el nivel de urbanización de un país y sus ingresos.
- La urbanización presenta tanto factores que mejoran la productividad (economías de escala, estructuras de mercado) como perjuicios (hacinamiento, problemas ambientales).
- No se encontró evidencia estadísticamente significativa de que el nivel de urbanización afecte a la tasa de crecimiento económico.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos del estudio no apoyan las políticas que promueven o restringen la urbanización con el propósito de impulsar el crecimiento económico.
- La compleja relación entre la urbanización y el crecimiento económico sugiere la necesidad de enfoques políticos matizados.
- Es posible que se necesite más investigación para comprender los efectos indirectos a largo plazo de la urbanización en el desarrollo económico.
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