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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

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Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
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Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

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Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
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El beneficio a largo plazo del post-condicionamiento.

Hélène Thibault1, Christophe Piot, Patrick Staat

  • 1Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.

Circulation
|February 13, 2008
PubMed
Resumen

El postcondicionamiento isquémico reduce significativamente el tamaño del infarto y mejora la función cardíaca a largo plazo en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio. Este efecto protector persiste meses después del evento inicial, mejorando la recuperación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Cardiología Cardiología.
  • Investigación cardiovascular Investigación cardiovascular Investigación cardiovascular Investigación cardiovascular Investigación cardiovascular
  • La Medicina Regenerativa es una Medicina Regenerativa.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El postcondicionamiento isquémico previamente demostrado para reducir la liberación de creatina quinasa, un marcador para el tamaño del infarto en el infarto agudo de miocardio (AMI).
  • Investigó los efectos a largo plazo del postcondicionamiento en el tamaño del infarto y la recuperación de la función miocárdica en pacientes con IAM.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para determinar si el postcondicionamiento isquémico proporciona una limitación persistente del tamaño del infarto.
  • Evaluar si el postcondicionamiento mejora la recuperación de la función contráctil miocárdica varios meses después del infarto.

Principales métodos:

  • 38 pacientes con primer infarto de miocardio por elevación del segmento ST sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea fueron asignados al azar.
  • El postcondicionamiento implicó inflación/deflación repetida del globo de angioplastia después de la reperfusión.
  • Tamaño del infarto evaluado por liberación de enzimas y SPECT de 201tallio a los 6 meses; función contráctil por ecocardiografía a los 1 años.

Principales resultados:

  • El grupo de postcondicionamiento mostró un tamaño de infarto significativamente más pequeño a los 6 meses (11,8% vs 19,5% índice SPECT, P=0,04).
  • Se observó una reducción de la liberación de creatina quinasa (-40%) y troponina I (-47%) en el grupo postcondicionado.
  • Los pacientes postcondicionados tenían una fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda un 7% mayor al año (P=0,04).

Conclusiones:

  • El postcondicionamiento isquémico ofrece una reducción persistente en el tamaño del infarto en pacientes con IAM.
  • El postcondicionamiento conduce a una mejor recuperación a largo plazo de la función contráctil miocárdica.