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Biodiversidad y biogeografía de los fagos en los estromatolitos y trombolitos modernos
Christelle Desnues1, Beltran Rodriguez-Brito, Steve Rayhawk
1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. cdesnues@yahoo.fr
Nature
|March 4, 2008
Resumen
Las comunidades de fagos en microbialitos revelan genotipos geográficamente restringidos, lo que desafía la idea de una distribución viral generalizada. Este estudio pone de relieve la singularidad viral en estos entornos antiguos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología y Virología.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- La biogeografía es la biogeografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus, en particular los fagos (virus que infectan bacterias), son abundantes en los ecosistemas.
- Estudios anteriores sugirieron una distribución cosmopolita del material genético de los fagos.
- Los microbiálitos son formas de vida antiguas, que ofrecen información sobre la vida temprana y los virus asociados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la biogeografía de las comunidades de fagos en los microbialitos modernos marinos y de agua dulce.
- Para determinar si los genotipos de fagos exhiben restricciones geográficas.
- Comprender la singularidad genética y los orígenes de los virus en los ecosistemas microbialitos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis metagenómico comparativo de comunidades virales de microbialitas marinas (Bahamas) y de agua dulce (México).
- Análisis de secuencias virales y comparación con los metagenomas virales y microbianos ambientales existentes.
- Identificación de tipos de fagos dominantes y genotipos compartidos entre diferentes muestras de microbialitos.
Principales resultados:
- Se recuperó un alto porcentaje de secuencias virales desconocidas (>97%) lo que indica una nueva diversidad viral.
- Algunos genotipos de fagos estaban geográficamente restringidos, sin genotipos compartidos entre los microbialitos estudiados.
- Los micrófagos de ADN de un solo hilo dominaron el microbialito de Highborne Cay (marino), y no se encontraron en ningún otro lugar.
- Se detectó una firma viral marina en un microbialito de agua dulce aislado del océano durante millones de años.
Conclusiones:
- Los virus en los microbialitos modernos muestran una variabilidad biogeográfica significativa.
- La singularidad genética de los virus en estos entornos sugiere una evolución localizada.
- Estos hallazgos implican que los virus en los microbialitos pueden originarse en antiguas comunidades estructuradas geográficamente.
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