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La menopausia es la menopausia
1Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, OR, USA. nelsonh@ohsu.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|March 4, 2008
Resumen
La menopausia marca el final de la menstruación debido a la disminución de las hormonas ováricas. Si bien es una transición natural, solo los sofocos y la sequedad vaginal están consistentemente relacionados con la menopausia, con tratamientos que muestran resultados mixtos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología Reproductiva y Reproducción.
- Salud de la Mujer Salud de la Mujer.
- Ginecología Clínica Ginecología clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La menopausia es un proceso biológico natural definido por el cese de los ciclos menstruales.
- Se caracteriza por una secreción reducida de hormonas ováricas, principalmente estrógeno y progesterona.
- Si bien es un evento normal de la vida, el manejo de los síntomas es una razón común para consultar a un médico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar los síntomas establecidos de la menopausia.
- Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de diversas intervenciones terapéuticas para los síntomas de la menopausia.
- Identificar las lagunas de conocimiento en la comprensión de la transición menopáusica y sus implicaciones para la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de estudios epidemiológicos sobre los síntomas asociados a la menopausia.
- Análisis de datos de ensayos clínicos para terapias dirigidas a la disfunción vasomotora.
- Evaluación de los efectos adversos asociados con el tratamiento de los síntomas de la menopausia.
Principales resultados:
- La disfunción vasomotora (flares de calor) y la sequedad vaginal son los únicos síntomas consistentemente asociados con la menopausia en estudios epidemiológicos.
- Las terapias que incluyen estrógeno, gabapentina, paroxetina y clonidina demostraron eficacia para la disfunción vasomotora.
- Otros síntomas comúnmente reportados como cambios de humor y trastornos del sueño pueden ser secundarios o no relacionados con la menopausia.
Conclusiones:
- La menopausia es una transición compleja con síntomas que varían significativamente entre las personas.
- Existen estrategias efectivas de manejo para los síntomas clave de la menopausia, pero la eficacia del tratamiento y los efectos secundarios requieren una cuidadosa consideración.
- Se necesita más investigación para abordar numerosas preguntas sin respuesta con respecto a la transición menopáusica y sus efectos a largo plazo en la salud.
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